HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF OUR MIND

First Published: August 24, 2021

Mr. Eze: How are you feeling?
Adaora: Not sure I’m fine but I don’t have a word for it.
Mr. Eze: Can you try to explain?
Adaora: Suddenly things I used to love doing have become boring, I get angry over little things/literally nothing and as well do not feel hungry. During the day, I pray for night to come and night comes, I find it difficult to sleep until maybe early hour in the morning (if sleeping grace decides to visit me). Thinking multiple things at a time, scared of the unknown and most times I’m just lost in thought.

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What is Mental Health?
According to the World Health Organization, mental health is “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities to cope with the normal stresses of life work productively and fruitfully, and as well make positive contributions to his or her community”. Mentalhealth.gov also explains mental health to include our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. A break-down in this state of well-being affects how we think, feel, and even act.

Prevalence of Mental Illness
Symptoms of mental illness vary widely among individuals. Some of these include feelings of helplessness, getting angry easily, low self-esteem, fear, withdrawal from family and friends, loss of interest in favorite activities, difficulties in breathing, thoughts of self-harm/suicide, anxiety and so on. 

Apparently, Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) experience more mental distress than people without.  Symptoms of mental health issues are often overlooked, underdiagnosed and left untreated as a result of poor understanding and awareness. Indeed, for PWDs such symptoms are often being mistakenly treated as normal.

Women also are more prone to have mental health disorder as a result of gender based violence, sexual violence, gender inequality, discrimination, stigmatization, and cultural bias. All these make up situations where most women are not safe to talk about their mental health challenges which in turn lead to serious depression and other negative conditions.   

Mental health issues among adults are another cause for alarm. Loss of income or unemployment, peer pressure, insecurity etc. have all given rise to other conditions as anxiety, distress,  substance abuse, which conjoin to form poor mental health outcomes.

Recommendations

1. Education: There is a need to educate people on what mental health is, its symptoms, prevention and how to get help when confronted with the challenges. 
2. Create Awareness: Talk about and encourage mental health. This should be done by community leaders, parents, caregivers, workplace, Faith leaders, friends and family, educators, employee, and so on.
3. Mental Health Policies and Bill: This should be prioritized and be encouraged in the workplace, and the society at large.
4. Get Help: If stress gets in your way, call a healthcare provider. There are some resources that can as well help you connect with a skilled, trained and counselor in your area. It’s ok not to be ok, but what is not ok is not knowing when to take a break to attend to your mental health. Set boundaries when you need to, that doesn’t make you a bad person, you are only protecting your mental health.  

Mental health is a human right. Every human deserves access to the care they need to reach their full potential.  Mental health is a priority! 

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Mr. Eze: Adaora, it’s good you spoke up, you need to take special and urgent care of your state of mind. Here is the sum of N2 million to take care of some personal needs. You also have a paid trip to Paris for a 4-week vacation. 

Do take care of yourself.
{Curtain falls}

WRITTEN BY OMOTOLA E. OMOTAYO

 

The prevalence of Gender-based violence in Nigeria: A Call for action

First Published; May 6, 2022

Undoubtedly, Nigeria is failing its women and girls in so many ways. There has been an astronomical increase in the cases of gender-based violence across the country. This has underscored the critical need for government and Civil Society Organizations to act swiftly to protect its most vulnerable and ultimately put an end to gender-based violence.

According to the Nigerian Police, a total of 717 reported cases of rape have been received in January and May 2020, adding that the current covid-19 pandemic has led to increased violence against women and the girl child.

This however does not account for the number of survivors unaccounted for who chose to remain silent, afraid of the perpetrators, and even more terrified of a society where domestic violence and blaming are rife. A lot of CSOs have taken to the streets to protest the rape and murder murders of Uwa Omozuwa who was raped and gruesomely murdered. There are so many unreported cases of such occurrences (https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/410969-omozuwa-police-parade-suspected-killers-of-uniben-student.html). With many victims dying in silence.

It is my humble opinion that a lot needs to be done to curb this menace that has besieged our country, daily a lot of women, girls, and even boys are being abused and violated by; parents, caregivers, health workers, teachers, brothers/sisters’ aunties/uncles, the list is endless. GBV could take the form; of domestic violence, sexual exploitation, forced early marriage, rape of minors, etc. sadly, these are all daily occurrences in our country, it is more saddening that a lot of us see these Human rights violations everywhere and we refuse to speak up. But the big question is “what if you are the one”, what if it’s your daughter/son, mother brother, or sister. The undeniable answer is no, no one would want such treatment mitted on their loved ones or themselves. It goes without saying what’s good for the goose is good for the gander. We all want to be treated with respect and dignity.

We, therefore, need to treat each other with dignity and respect. As guaranteed by Chapter 4 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria as amended and International Treaties.

Lawyers Alert has been championing the campaign against Gender-based violence as this is evident in its active involvement in GBV/VAPs(W)-related issues (implementation of VAP Laws by all the states). Lawyers Alert provides free legal assistance to women and girls in Nigeria, amongst other interventions.

It is in this regard that we are providing pro bono services to women and girls who are victims of GBV. LA has actively intervened in areas of GBV also having rendered free legal services to women/girls during the #ENDSARS protest https://www.lawyersalertng.org/_files/ugd/c6dfb9_53245d3d40f843d892bf2f83f44b64de.pdf and in the face of the Covid 19 Pandemic, Lawyers Alert developed a web-based monitoring tool “LadockT” the tool captures violations across locations and states, exhibiting types and trends. Using this tool, we constantly captured and provide data on GBV and VAW in the last 3 years.

Recommendations: which are by no means exhaustive:

1. The domestication of (VAP) Violence Against Persons Act. It is an important piece of legislation that prohibits certain practices and violations that infringe on the rights of women/the girl child and the vulnerable and marginalized in the country. The act provides that anybody convicted of the offence of rape is liable for life imprisonment without the option of a fine while, minors are liable for a term of 14 years without the option of a fine. It is our humble opinion that juvenile correctional facilities be set up, in event of a minor offender. With only 18 out of the 36 have domesticated this law, there is a strong need to push the frontiers of VAP.  
2. Reorientation of the men/boys to recognize the fact that some ideologies such as male dominance, sexism, and notion like “it’s a woman’s job”, and “it’s a man’s world” are all factors that contribute to gender-based violence. We all need to recognize that we are all equal. This reorientation boils down to our schools and family as agents of socialization.  Religious leaders also have a very big role to play, as Nigeria is seen to be a religious nation, hence the need for their involvement in this fight
3. There is also the need for Governors at the state level to support the fight against women/girl child it can also provide psychological support centers for survivors and medical care.
4. Lastly, there needs to be a coalition of security forces, the civil society groups, media, state, and non-state actors to come up with a more proactive approach toward ending the menace of Gender-based violence in our country.

Conclusion.

The ultimate truth is that we all have a role to play in stumping out gender-based violence in our country, Play your Role well!.

Written by Mainasara Jacobs.

 

The Rising Cost of Foodstuffs in Nigeria

The rate at which prices of foodstuffs and indeed other items have risen and are rising is very, very alarming. It would be recalled that prices of foodstuff rose during past regimes but same has taken an astronomical dimension in this present dispensation of President Ahmed Bola Tinubu. In fact, in less than 10 months, prices of foodstuff have skyrocketed in a manner that nobody had ever imagined.

The rise in food prices under President Tinubu’s regime began on May 30, 2023, a day after he announced during his swearing-in ceremony that fuel subsidy had been removed. A 50kg bag of local rice that was sold for Seven Thousand Naira (N7,000) years back now sells for seventy thousand naira (N70,000) and above as at the time of writing this article (March, 2024). The same goes for beans and other foodstuffs.  

There is no gainsaying the fact that Nigerians are feeling the pinch of the rise in the prices of foodstuffs. The Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC), one of the foremost pressure groups in the country has threatened to embark on a peaceful strike over the increase in food prices, with a view to pressure the government to do something drastic about the situation. But the Federal Government did not see the strike as necessary and has instructed the DSS (Department of State Security Service) to stop NLC from embarking on the supposed peaceful protest.

Major Causes of Rise in Food Prices in Nigeria in the Last Ten Months

One can say that there are several causes of the rise in food prices in Nigeria in the last ten years. Among them are:

1. High Cost of Transport brought about by the Removal of Fuel Subsidy

 Since May 29, 2023 when subsidy was removed till date (March 2024), fuel price has gone up leading to high cost of transportation which itself has led to high cost of foodstuff and other items. This explains the importance of fuel (energy) to Nigerian economy. Anything that affects the supply and price of fuel will affect the lives of all Nigerians.

• Insecurity

Although the problem of insecurity in Nigeria does not start under the regime of President Tinubu, the insecurity has not been reduced either. The activities of kidnappers, armed bandits and terrorists have greatly affected food production and supply in Nigeria. In the agricultural states, including Benue State, Niger State and many other Northen States, farmer cannot go back to their farms. Many able-bodied farmers who are supposed to be growing foods in their farms have ended up in IDP (Internally Displaced Persons) camps. In a video released online recently, the informant in the video raised an alarm that there will be serious hardship ahead and that the truth that the federal government has been hiding from Nigeria is that there is serious scarcity of foodstuffs in Nigeria. 

• Weakening Value of Naira Brought about by Government Policy

As at the time of writing this article, the value of one US dollar is about one thousand two hundred naira. Our currency continues to get weaker and weaker in the Forex (foreign) exchange market while other currencies like dollar, pound sterling and Euro are getting stronger and stronger. The fact is, the federal government has by its policy made foreign currencies to be very scarce and out of the reach of Nigerians. The situation is so bad that Bureau De Change companies have been pushed out of business. In Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory, Bureau De Change companies have closed down their offices. The little amount of foreign currencies made available by the federal government are sold at very high prices. In all, the recent gaining of the naira against the dollar is a serious relief in this direction.  

• Restriction on Imports

Since the time of President Muhammadu Buhari’s 8-year regime till the present regime of President Ahmed Bola Tinubu, there has been total restriction on importation of some foodstuff and other items. This ban on importation has been creating scarcity as the production and supply of local foodstuff is not sufficient. You don’t achieve self-sufficiency by creating extreme scarcity. Once there is extreme scarcity, the index are the high prices and the people’s outcry. And the federal government must take decisive steps to handle the situation.  

The Way Forward

As it is currently, unless more drastic measures are taken in the coming months, our Naira will become so valueless that it will completely lose its purchasing power, and the hardship it will bring upon Nigerians will be far worse than it now. In the same vein, unless drastic measures are taken to stabilize the prices of foodstuff, more hardship will be unleashed on the hapless citizens. The recent appreciation of the naira in the forex market is a very welcome development. 

As the economists will say, desperate problem requires desperate solution. I know as a fact that the problem of rising cost of foodstuffs in Nigeria is not a problem that is too difficult for the federal government to solve. All that is required is the political will. In my own view, the rising cost of foodstuffs being witnessed today can be solved in the following ways:

1. Government Must Open the country’s Borders

For prices of foodstuffs to stabilize, Federal Government must lift the restriction on imports. The simple economics theory of demand and supply that if supply of foodstuffs is much; if we allow imported foodstuffs to flood our markets, definitely prices of foodstuffs will fall. To increase supply of foodstuffs, we must also encourage foreigners to invest in crop production in Nigeria.

• Federal Government should Bring Back Fuel Subsidy

This writer supports NLC’s stance that fuel subsidy should be brought back. For now, Federal Government should subsidize fuel pending the time we have enough refineries to produce enough. Once we start refining enough fuel and the importation of refined products is reduced to the barest minimum, fuel subsidy can be removed. And if the Federal Government chooses to bring back fuel subsidy permanently, it is better. Most developed countries subsidize fuel for their citizens. If a developed country like the US subsidizes energy for its citizens, how much more will it be necessary for a developing country like Nigeria to subsidize fuel? Energy (fuel) is a critical national issue and Federal Government should review its policy on energy.

• Federal and States Government should Encourage Local Production

Our governments should encourage local production by supporting farmers, giving them loans and grants, subsidizing fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and agricultural machinery. Governments should provide tractor hiring services to every locality to help boost crop production.

• Combating Insecurity

We cannot lose sight of the fact that kidnapping, terrorism and banditry have caused many farmers to abandon their farmlands to live in IDP camps. Problem of insecurity has greatly affected production and supply of foodstuffs in Nigeria. Although the problem of insecurity did start from this present regime, if it can be reduced to the barest minimum, farmers can go back to their farms and grow more crops for the populace.

• Federal Government should Review its Policy on Exchange of Foreign Currency

The truth is: Nigeria’s Naira is getting weaker and weaker, every day. And if nothing is done to strengthen it, soon the Naira will become valueless and lose its purchasing power. One way to save Naira from losing its value is to peg its exchange rates with other foreign currencies. For instance, $1 US Dollar should be exchanged for N200. What this implies is that you can sell $1 US Dollar below 200 but you cannot sell it above N200. Another way to save our Naira from losing its value is for foreign currencies to be made available to Nigerians who need them. 

Finally, we have spoken enough about the problems of Nigeria. We have also talked enough about the solutions. What we need now is the political will of the Federal Government. If those at the helm of affairs would take necessary steps, they can handle this issue of rising cost of foodstuffs in Nigeria. And Nigerians can be the better for it.

By Blessing Mase

 

THE NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE CORP SCHEME – The Journey so far

How it began

The former Head of State, General Yakubu Gowon, on May 22nd, 1973 announced the birth of the National Youth Corp Scheme (NYSC) through the promulgation of Decree No. 24 as a means of reconciling, reconstructing, and rebuilding the nation after the Civil War that took place from 1967 to 1970. 

The NYSC was an attempt at promoting national unity and development. The ripple effect of the war on the nation was disunity. The people were disunited and as such there was a need for intervention. It was in a bid to bring the country together and to heal the wounds of the war that the scheme was initiated. 

The NYSC program is available to all Nigerian citizens who have earned either a bachelor degree or a Higher National Diploma from any recognized higher institution both at home and abroad. While those who graduate from the institution at 30 years of age or below participate physically in the scheme, others who are over 30 years of age are issued Exemption Certificates. 

Once mobilized for the scheme, Corps members are posted to various regions of the country. There they live with people from diverse ethnic and religious backgrounds and are required to work and function at their best. 

Objectives of the Scheme 

First, the NYSC scheme is aimed at inculcating discipline in Nigerian youths. This is achieved by imbibing in them a culture of industry at work. It also builds them to become patriotic citizens of Nigeria. Second, it is to expose Nigerian youths to the embodiment of national achievement, and social and cultural improvement. The program is also to develop in the Nigerian youths the attitudes of mind acquired through shared experience and suitable training that will make them more amenable to mobilization in the national interest. Besides, the scheme is to enable Nigerian youths acquire the spirit of self-reliance by encouraging them to develop skills for self-employment.

Other objectives that the scheme tends to achieve include the development of common ties among the Nigerian youths in addition to promoting national unity and integration thereby contributing to the accelerated growth of the national economy. The NYSC program also seeks to remove prejudices, eliminate ignorance, and confirm firsthand the many similarities among Nigerians of all ethnic groups. All of these gravitate towards the development of a sense of corporate existence and a common destiny for the people of Nigeria.

Some achievements of the scheme so far

1. NYSC allows corpers to travel to different parts of the country far and beyond their states of origin or where they reside. This offers a rare opportunity of exploring other people’s culture while accomplishing and fulfilling obligations as coppers. 
2. The scheme also creates an opportunity to meet new people. Networks, contacts and great connections spring from NYSC. People who will live to be of value to each other get to meet and connect during their service year. NYSC hosts a lot of young Nigerians and therefore fosters the right environment and avenue for people to connect with like-minded people. Coppers even find their marriage partners during the service year. 
3. NYSC empowers young Nigerian graduates with skills that can fetch them money and enable them to cater for themselves. It creates a channel of financial flow and gives them sources of income with which they can maximize and generate income for themselves.
4. NYSC provides coppers the opportunity to reevaluate their lives. After school, the service year prepares one for the outside world. One begins to think and make plans for the future. NYSC therefore affords one the time and space to strategize and set goals toward becoming a responsible citizen. It makes one want to show forth something tangible and present a profitable venture to their parent’s family after the service year. NYSC gets you serious and ready.
5. NYSC provides free money. Well, it is not exactly free because you work for it. But you would attest to the fact that coppers who save their NYSC allowance (allawee) have grown business ventures, startups and others have been able to execute big projects in communities for the good of the people.

Challenges facing the scheme

1. Youth unemployment and insecurity are top of the list of the many challenges facing the NYSC. The ripple effect of insecurity is that corp members are left with little or no choice but to influence their job posting. Think about it, who would want to go to some village where they don’t feel safe enough to sleep? Also, the NYSC posting policy and empowerment programs have these issues to constantly deal with: lackadaisical attitudes towards vocational and technical skill acquisition, corruption, and insufficient resources to implement their plans.
2. A strong criticism similar to the above has risen against the one-year compulsory programme. It is said to have endangered the lives of university graduates because it posts members to areas with high levels of insecurity. The scheme is believed to make little or no effort to make job prospects of corp members better. Instead of direct employment, government will rather supplement the staff strength of schools with corp members. This is a very unfavourable condition that the NYSC faces from the government. It is disheartening how the NYSC has been reduced to a channel of making up for the failed education system of Nigeria. They are subjected to surviving sub-standard teaching and poor education. 
3. Corp members also have to deal with issues such as language barriers, accommodation issues and hostile cultures. Whatever the nation faces, it invariably becomes the challenge of NYSC. Therefore, the political violence and threat is a hard nut to crack for NYSC. Diverse kinds of political violence in the country including hostage crisis, Boko Haram terrorism, and geographical threats have resulted in a huge challenge to the programme. These and more cause a serious uproar among corp members.
4. Indeed, Nigerian graduates are not afraid to say the NYSC scheme comes off as a waste of the country’s resources. How so? One may be prompted to ask. The Nigerian economy still teeters from a recession. And the government has come under so much pressure just to uphold the system. To further confirm the above point, no concrete data can be presented to prove that Nigeria’s economy has been enhanced since the launch of the programme. 

Conclusion

To address these challenges and so many others, it is recommended that the government take steps to eliminate insecurity and youth unemployment. Government should also improve the monitoring and management of the program, just as it implements policies to protect the lives of corps members. 

Corp members should be made top priorities on the list of the government as they have been recognized and popularly referred to as “children of the government by the masses. 

By Jennifer Adasu

 

UNLOCKING NIGERIA’S PROGRESS: INVESTING IN WOMEN FOR INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

The progress of any society hinges on the power to utilize the available resources and tap into the full potential of the available populations/demographics. Population plays a crucial role in any economy, serving as the backbone upon which the economy’s prosperity is built. A growing populace not only signifies a larger labour force but also expands the consumer base, driving demand for goods and services. This surge in demand stimulates economic activity, fosters innovation, and fuels entrepreneurship thereby propelling the economy towards growth and development.

However, for centuries, a significant portion of the population has been grossly undervalued and underutilized. Womenhave been disproportionately marginalized and disadvantaged in numerous aspects of society, resulting in unequal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities compared to men. It has continued to spark movements dating back to the late 19th-century suffrage struggles that marked the first Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York. These limitations persist to this day. Consequently, the attendant unequal growth has resulted to inefficiency and leads to wasted human resources and missed opportunities for state development, innovation, and advancement. 

According to World Bank data collected in 2022, women and girls constitute 49.7% of the global population, with a slightly lower figure of 49.5% reported for Nigeria. This statistic highlights the unsettling truth in the 21^st century that, nearly half of the world’s population is disproportionately disadvantaged and underutilized. Christine Lagarde, the President of the European Central Bank emphasized this point, noting that despite women making up half of the total population, they remain significantly underrepresented in the workforce, accounting for less than a third of the actual workforce (Lagarde, 2013). Similarly, Ata Can Bertay, Ljubica Dordevic, and Can Sever, in their study on Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data, asserted that productivity growth and the pace of human development worldwide are slowing. They emphasized that women’s full and effective participation in the workforce, along with ensuring decent work for all, is crucial for achieving inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

While there has been progress in addressing gender inequality over the last few decades, it is evident that the current trajectory is insufficient to achieve gender equality by 2030. Gender inequality persists as an underlying cause of societal stagnation, as seen notably in countries like Nigeria. This stagnation is not unique to any one place; rather, it’s a global phenomenon. Despite efforts to combat it, gender inequality continues to impede social progress worldwide.

CONSEQUENCES OF GENDER INEQUALITY TO NIGERIA’S ECONOMY

In Nigeria, factors militating against the full vestment of equal opportunities include but are not limited to patriarchy, tradition, religion, and gender or constructed roles. Because of the widespread belief that women belong in the kitchen, there is a general misrepresentation of women’s rights and opportunities from the level of the family to the circular society. Nigerian society is patriarchal, which is a major characteristic of a traditional society, meaning that male authority oppresses women through its social, political, and economic institutions. 

It is evident that Nigerian society sets the parameters for women’s structurally unequal position in families and markets by condoning gender-differential terms in inheritance rights and legal adulthood, by tacitly excusing domestic and sexual violence, and by sanctioning differential wages for equal or comparable work. Tradition, culture, and religion have long dictated the dynamics of gender relations, fostering entrenched male dominance in social structures and leadership at all levels. Often society justifies the marginalization of women in education, the economy, labour market, politics, business, family, domestic matters, and inheritance (Salaam, 2003).

The showdown of these limitations is detrimental to both women and the economy of Nigeria. Statistics for the total population of Nigeria as of 2022, categorized by gender, indicate that the female population is approximately 108.09 million, whereas the male population is 110.45 million. Therefore, it is safe to say that Nigeria is only utilizing half of the population’s potential. On the other hand, Nigerians have high productivity but with few people in the workforce, it would not be able to reap its full potential due to the aforementioned factors of patriarchy, religion, and social constructs. Nigeria’s population is projected to reach 400 million by 2050 (https://www.thecable.ng/nigerias-population-time-bomb) This brings into account Thomas Robert Malthus’s position in his work “Principle of population’’ that elevated the discourse on population and political economy when he raised concerns about the negative consequences that may emerge if population growth increases. However, he was more worried about the rising population that is not matched with significant subsistence resources.

UNDERSTANDING THE DIMENSIONS OF INEQUALITY IN THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT

Education

Societal expectations frequently assign household responsibilities to women and girls, constraining their time and access to education. Coupled with ingrained beliefs prioritizing boys’ education as more crucial, this dynamic contributes to a significant gender gap in educational attainment.

Statistics show that compared to men, women have lower enrolment rates at all levels and a lower overall literacy rate, The United Nations Human Development Report of 2005 affirms this adding that the female adult literacy rate in Nigeria for individuals aged 15 and above was reported at 59.4%, while the male literacy rate stood at 74.4%. Furthermore, the combined gross enrolment rate for primary, secondary, and tertiary schools was 57% for females and 71% for males. As a consequence, women are underrepresented in various professions and face higher poverty rates due to limited opportunities for well-paying jobs. This lack of education not only hinders women’s economic prospects and contribution to the economy, but also, exposes them to greater health risks and reinforces harmful gender stereotypes.

The Economy

Nigeria’s large population presents a 50% potential female labour force, yet only 31% are currently active. Women’s representation in the formal sector, particularly in civil service and industry, remains disproportionately low. Data reveals that women mainly occupy junior positions in the Federal Civil Service, the nation’s largest employer. Most women are involved in small-scale businesses such as market and street hawking, with 78% working in the informal economy, primarily in petty trade and farming. Despite their significant presence, their financial impact remains inadequate. Nigerian women face widespread discrimination, mirroring global trends.

Women and Politics

In Nigeria, there has been notable progress in women’s political involvement over the years. However, women still face significant underrepresentation in politics compared to men. The first and only female Speaker of any House of Assembly in Nigeria, Mrs. Margaret Ichen, faced frustrations leading to her exit from office in Benue State. Women have encountered limited support from men in positions of authority, often resulting in their forced resignation or removal. Various factors contribute to the low involvement of women in politics, including gender roles shaped by patriarchy, perceptions of women’s suitability for politics, lack of financial backing, and discriminatory customs and laws. However, Women in Nigeria aspire to engage in governance for two primary reasons: Firstly, they account for half of the population, warranting fair representation in decision-making and governance. Secondly, they assert their equal rights to participate in public life and governance, just like men. 

These dimensions, including the reproductive health of women, human rights violations, and religion, serve as the foundation for the emancipation of women in Nigeria and globally. However, they also present challenges 

NAVIGATING THE CHALLENGES FOR NIGERIA

This 2024 International Women’s Day marks the globally acclaimed campaign to inspire inclusion under the theme Invest to Accelerate: Accelerate progress. It highlights the importance of inclusive initiatives to empower women and drive societal advancement. To achieve this goal and enable women to contribute optimally to national development, several key considerations must be addressed:

• Gender-Responsive Budgeting: Gender-responsive budgeting involves incorporating gender perspectives into the allocation of resources and planning of public expenditures. This approach ensures that budgetary decisions take into account the needs and priorities of women, thereby promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment. By investing in programs and services that address gender disparities and promote women’s participation in economic and social activities, gender-responsive budgeting can accelerate progress towards gender equality and inclusive development.
• Making Inclusive Policies: It is essential to enact policies that promote inclusivity and address the systemic barriers that hinder women’s full participation in various sectors of society. Inclusive policies should aim to eliminate discrimination, promote equal opportunities, and create an enabling environment for women to thrive. By implementing policies that prioritize gender equality and women’s rights, governments can accelerate progress towards achieving gender parity and inclusive growth.
• Economic Empowerment: Economic empowerment is crucial for enabling women to realize their full potential and contribute to national building. This involves providing women with access to education, training, financial resources, and economic opportunities. By investing in initiatives that promote women’s economic empowerment, such as entrepreneurship programs, microfinance schemes, and skills development initiatives, governments can empower women to become economically independent and active participants in the economy.
• Challenging Social Norms through Sensitization: Social norms and cultural attitudes often perpetuate gender inequality and limit women’s opportunities for advancement. To accelerate progress toward gender equality, it is essential to challenge these norms through sensitization and awareness-raising efforts. By promoting gender-sensitive education, media campaigns, and community outreach programs, societies can challenge harmful stereotypes and promote more inclusive attitudes towards women’s rights and empowerment.

CONCLUSION

The unjust and systemic exclusion of women from basic rights and opportunities poses a significant obstacle to the progress and advancement of a state. Not only does it diminish the dignity and worth of individuals, but it also contributes to widespread social issues such as underrepresentation, early and forced marriage, high crime rates, and violence against women. Moreover, it reduces international trust and investment in the state’s economy. If world economies aspire to advance as societies, states must eliminate practices or norms that restrict certain demographics from accessing basic rights and contributing to societal development.

by Grace Udoo Tyowua

 

THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE ATTORNEY GENERAL’S CONSENT IN GARNISHEE PROCEEDINGS: OVERCOMING OBSTACLES IN ENFORCING JUDGMENTS FOR BREACH OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN NIGERIA

In legal parlance, it is said that a judgment creditor is entitled to the fruits of his/her judgment. However, this is not always the case with monetary awards in judgments relating to the breach of fundamental rights against ministries, departments and agencies of government in Nigeria. 

In 70% of fundamental rights enforcement cases in Nigerian courts, members of the Nigeria Police Force or other paramilitary institutions are parties to the suit. This situation arises from laws that allow police and other security agencies to arrest individuals without a warrant if they have reasonable suspicion of an offence. However, this power is sometimes abused, leading to violations of fundamental rights. 

The law permits individuals who believe their fundamental rights, as protected by the Constitution and/or the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Ratification and Enforcement) Act, are being violated or are at risk of violation, to seek redress in the state high court where the infringement is occurring or has occurred. Courts frequently award monetary compensation to Plaintiffs whose rights have been found to be breached.

In Nigeria, the most effective method to enforce monetary judgments is through Garnishee proceedings. A garnishee proceeding is a procedure legally approved by law for enforcing a money judgment by the seizure or attachment of the debt due and accruing to the judgment-debtor, which forms part of his money in the hands of a third party for attachment. 

Unlike the enforcement of judgments of breach of fundamental rights against individual judgment debtors, which proceeds without restriction, enforcing such judgments against the Nigeria Police Force or any other paramilitary institution is complicated by an additional layer of bureaucracy that delays or complicates the process of securing redress for rights violations.

In garnishee proceedings, when money liable for attachment is under the custody or control of a public officer in their official capacity, Section 84 of the Sheriff and Civil Process Act 2004 mandates obtaining the Attorney-General of the Federation or State’s consent before proceeding with such an attachment. Garnishee proceedings cannot validly commence, nor can the court have the jurisdiction to entertain them or make the requested order without first obtaining the consent of the relevant Attorney-General for such an attachment. This requirement for the Attorney-General’s approval not only complicates the enforcement mechanism but also introduces a discretionary element, potentially affecting the impartiality and efficiency of enforcing court judgments.

Funds belonging to the Nigeria Police Force or any other paramilitary institution are considered to be under the custody or control of a public officer in their official capacity. Consequently, without the consent of the Attorney General of the Federation or State, victims of fundamental rights violations who have obtained monetary compensation against such entities often experience a pyrrhic victory. This has been the difficult hurdle placed by the law in the way of successful litigants in fundamental rights enforcement proceedings to enjoy the fruits of their monetary judgments as these officers of the government have shown a lot of reluctance in the past in granting the necessary approval for the proceedings to amount to anything.   

Recently, there has been a promising development regarding the requirement for the consent of the Attorney General of the Federation or State in garnishee proceedings.   The Supreme Court in Central Bank of Nigeria Vs Interstella Communications Ltd & 3 Ors (2018) 7 NWLR (Pt. 1618) 294, held that where the Attorney General of the Federation is the judgment debtor or one of the judgment debtors, the requirement of his consent to garnishee under Section 84 (1) of the Sheriffs and Civil Process Act is an aberration. The essence of this decision is that once an Attorney General of the Federation or State is a party in an action at the trial court, his consent is no longer required in garnishee proceeding for attachment of fund under the custody or control of a public officer.

In conclusion, as Sun Tzu aptly stated, ‘Supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy’s resistance without fighting.’ This wisdom can be applied to the realm of legal struggles, where victims of fundamental rights violations can circumvent the cumbersome bureaucracy that often hinders the redress process. By suing the Attorney General of the Federation or State as a party in an action for the enforcement of fundamental rights at the trial court, they effectively leverage a strategic approach to overcoming obstacles and securing justice.

Written by Ifechi Rosemary Aleke

 

THE EPIDEMIC OF KIDNAPPING IN ABUJA

Insecurity in Nigeria is a recurring phenomenon that threatens the well-being of its citizens. It stands has become something of grave concern to all well-meaning citizens, most of whom continue to wonder how the country arrived at such a dastardly situation where no one is safe. Worse still, rather than abate, the problem continues to escalate and it is now getting out of control. 

Barely a month into the new calendar year of 2024, a new wave of insecurity characterized by kidnapping, experienced an upsurge, with Abuja, the federal capital territory of Nigeria, being at the receiving end of the mayhem, with residents living each day with their hearts in their mouths, feeling ostracized, stigmatized, traumatized and in want of rational reasoning, as they ponder over the rhetorical question, “who is next”? 

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS:

CASE ONE:

On the 5^th of January, 2024 a man and six of his daughters were kidnapped in a home invasion in the Bwari area of FCT. The kidnappers released the man and ordered him to pay 50 million naira (€50,400) for his children. One of the sisters, a 21-year-old university student was killed by the kidnappers despite the payment of ransom. (Source: Premium Times).

CASE TWO:

Barely six days into the new year, seven persons, all members of the same family, were abducted by gunmen around Zuma 1 in the Bwari Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory. During the incident, one of the victims, simply identified as Alhaji was shot dead while two policemen sustained injuries during a gun battle with the kidnappers. (Source: Premium Times)

CASE THREE:

On the night of Sunday, 7^th of January, some armed men invaded Sagwari Layout Estate in Dutse, also in Bwari Area Council, at about 7.30 p.m. and abducted nine persons including a mother and her four children. The kidnappers reportedly dressed in military uniform, thereafter proceeded to a nearby hotel and kidnapped a receptionist and a barman on duty. 

A security guard, who identified himself as John, who was also a victim, but was lucky to escape narrated his ordeal to Punch newspaper thus:

“They came here at about 7 pm. I went out to buy something, so as I was about to lock the gate, they pushed it and entered. They tore my clothes and tied me up, before entering the house. Then, they brought out the people and made all of us sit down outside. So, while they were distracted, I managed to escape,” John said.

CASE FOUR:

The abduction of five young Nigerian sisters in Bwari Area Council, in the federal Capital Territory, Abuja sparked a national outcry and raised fears about insecurity in the country’s capital. The sisters were seized at the start of the year by armed men who burst into their home. An eye witness reported that the attackers killed one of the sisters, 21-year-old Nabeeha Al-Kadriyar, when a ransom deadline passed. Negotiations were ongoing for the release of the others. (Source; The Economist)

CASE FIVE:

 Residents of Dei-Dei town located off Kubwa-Zuba Road, under Bwari area council in Abuja were thrown into shock at the weekend of the second week of January, following the abduction of over 23 residents of the community, mostly taken from three housing estates in the area. Saturday Vanguard gathered that the kidnappers, mostly said to be in military uniform, arrived at the livestock layout area, located on the edge of the popular Abuja livestock market, Dei-Dei, about 8 pm and carried out their operation quietly, as has been disclosed by residents. (Source; Voice of Africa)

CASE SIX:

As if the preceding was not enough, barely 48 hours after the aforementioned kidnappers’ attack at Dei-Dei, also two children, alongside nine adults, were also whisked away at Gbaupe village, behind Aco Estate, along Airport Road in Abuja. (Source; Voice of Africa)

CASE SEVEN:

A similar incident took place at the nearby Arab Road residential area, in Kubwa town, along the highway, where seven residents were abducted by kidnappers believed to be sharing the same base in the bush, with that of the Dei-Dei operators.

It was also gathered that more than four residents were killed by the hoodlums. The breakdown of those abducted by the bloodthirsty terrorists indicated that between Thursday and Sunday, January 7, 2024, a total of 85 persons were abducted. And just on Thursday, 22 people were kidnapped in Kawu Village in Bwari Area Council. (Source; Voice of Africa)

Within the last three years, Abuja has recorded close to 50 kidnap cases involving over 200 persons. These incidents were also reported to have resulted in significant economic losses, with confirmed payment of ransom totaling N653.7 million between 2021 and 2022.

The upsurge in cases of kidnapping, despite repeated assurances by security agencies and the FCT authorities, have driven residents to live in palpable fear and apprehension.

ADDRESSING THE SITUATION

Addressing the insecurity situation in Nigeria is a complex and multifaceted challenge that requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach. The issues contributing to insecurity in Nigeria are diverse and include factors such as insurgency, terrorism, ethno-religious conflicts, economic challenges, corruption and governance challenges.

As custodians of the lives and property of the people, the different levels of government have to rejig their strategies for providing security for the people. It is obvious that the current tactics are not working. The people deserve better! 

By
Victor Eboh
(Senior Legal Advisor)
Lawyers Alert.         

                                                                                                           

 

The Nigeria Fuel Subsidy Debate: Past, Present, and the Road Ahead

Fuel subsidy made popular during the president Goodluck Jonathan era has become a permanent feature in Nigeria. While Jonathan’s attempt to remove fuel subsidies was met with overwhelming resistance; President Buhari announced the deregulation of the downstream sector on May 11, 2016, explaining same as the only logical solution to the prolonged fuel crisis in the country.

Immediately after his inauguration in May, 2024, President Asiwaju Ahmed Bola Tinubu, a staunch advocate of deregulation, took the decisive step to eliminate all fuel subsidies in Nigeria. This step is seen by many as taking the bull by the horn.

The introduction of fuel subsidy in Nigeria in 1973 has aimed to alleviate the impact of the actual market price of the product on the average Nigerian. This decision proved effective until April 1992 when Ibrahim Babangida’s government increased fuel prices, setting off a series of incremental hikes, reaching the current rates of between N630 and N680 per litre in parts of the country.  

Originally introduced to ease the burden on the masses, the subsidy’s effectiveness dwindled over the years due to escalating costs and challenges posed by repeated vandalism and sabotage of oil infrastructure in the Niger Delta, leading to heightened government spending, a decline in revenue, increased fuel queues and government debt.

Proponents of subsidy removal argue that it will mitigate fuel scarcity, reduce hoarding and smuggling, stabilize prices through market-driven forces and boost the private sector’s role in creating jobs and fostering investment in refineries. To support this stance, they point to the staggering amount spent by the government (over N11.4 trillion in the last eight years—200% more than education spending, 240% more than security, 250% more than infrastructure, and 290% more than health.  Thus underscoring the need for redirected savings toward critical sectors such as security, power, education, and health. 

Critics have faulted the removal, especially the manner in which it was done. They argue that removing subsidies without established and trusted strategies for mitigating the effect on the average Nigerian is immoral and insensitive, especially in the face of a weak economy and escalating security ills. Unfortunately, prevailing conditions in the country after the subsidy removal – increased living costs, increased insecurity, potential mismanagement of accrued funds, and lack of accountability – have validated their long-held argument.

This perspective acknowledges that subsidy removal is unavoidable, emphasizing the need for market forces to determine fuel prices. It looks beyond political affiliations and raises more nuanced questions: ‘What is in it for Nigeria/Nigerians? Can we rely on the leadership to prioritize the public interests? What will be the actual petrol pump price? Is information reaching the public accurate?’  

While the Nigerian populace acknowledges the imperative of subsidy removal in 2024 for the long-term benefits of a transparent and market-driven system, a palpable apprehension lingers.  The anxiety lies in whether our leaders can be entrusted to redirect funds in a manner that genuinely benefits the masses for whom the subsidy was originally intended.  Instances of financial irregularities and mismanagement in the past raise valid fears.

In the meantime, there have been calls for immediate palliative measures to mitigate the impact of the removal on citizens and redirect subsidy savings towards critical sectors such as transport, agriculture, housing, and education. 

A starting place would be prioritizing a comprehensive and effective palliative strategy, implementing robust accountability mechanisms, and practising responsible fiscal stewardship to reassure the public and safeguard the nation’s economic interests.

Given Nigeria’s historical context, this may be wishful thinking, but as with everything, we will continue to pray for our dear nation, Nigeria. 

Written by Isese Sor

 

MENTAL HEALTH IN THE DIGITAL AGE: NAVIGATING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA

In the current digital age, social media platforms have become an important part of our lives – connecting us with friends, family, and the world at large. However, the constant exposure to these platforms has raised concerns about their impact on mental health. This article explores the effects of social media on mental health and provides strategies for navigating this digital landscape while protecting one’s mental well-being.

Mental health is an essential part of health and well-being. Yet, it is being neglected in the world over, but more so in Nigeria. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide, 450 million people have a mental disorder and 25% of the population will suffer from mental illness at some times in their lives. According to the WHO, mental health is a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. Mental health disorders are commonly caused by constant use of the social media, drug abuse, crisis, and sickness of the brain. In our part of the world, majority of mental health patients are being taken to prayer houses for spiritual interventions. In Nigeria, the burden for mental health disorder is very high with limited access to available and affordable mental health services. 

Social media can have both positive and negative impacts on mental health. One of the most significant negative impacts of social media on mental health is the creation of unrealistic expectations. Platforms like Instagram and Facebook are flooded with carefully selected images and posts that often depict an idealized version of life. This constant exposure to seemingly perfect lives can lead to feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and depression. Comparing oneself to others’ highlight reels can create a distorted perception of reality, leaving individuals feeling like they are not good enough. Social media platforms also have unfortunately become breeding grounds for cyberbullying and trolling. The anonymity provided by these platforms often emboldens individuals to engage in hurtful behaviour, targeting vulnerable individuals. For those already struggling with mental health issues, such as anxiety or depression, cyberbullying can have devastating consequences, leading to increased feelings of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, suicidal thoughts, isolation and many more. It is crucial to address and combat cyberbullying to prevent these devastating consequences and protect the mental health and well-being of individuals.

The impact of social media on mental health has become a growing concern, as it has been found to exacerbate existing mental health issues and even contribute to the development of new ones. In today’s world, many people rely on social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, YouTube, and Instagram to find and connect with others. While each has its benefits, it is important to remember that social media can never be a replacement for real-world human connection. It requires in-person contact with others to trigger the hormones that ease stress and make you feel happier, healthier, and more positive. Ironically for a technology that is designed to bring people closer together, spending too much time engaging with social media can actually make you feel more lonely and isolated and exacerbate mental health issues. If you are spending an excessive amount of time on social media and feelings of sadness, dissatisfaction, frustration, or loneliness are impacting your life, it may be time to re-examine your online habits and find a healthier balance.

There are so many strategies for navigating this digital landscape while protecting your mental well-being. First, limit screen time, set boundaries for yourself and allocate specific times for using digital devices. Avoid excessive use of social media platforms and limit exposure to negative content. Cultivate mindfulness, be aware of your emotions and reactions while using digital platforms. Practice mindfulness techniques like deep breathing or meditation to stay grounded and reduce stress. Curate your digital environment, unfollow or mute accounts that consistently produce negative or triggering content. Surround yourself with positive and uplifting digital content that promotes mental well-being. Besides, learn to say ‘no’ to excessive demands or requests for your time and attention, online. Prioritize self-care and protect your mental well-being by setting clear boundaries with others. Lastly, seek support when necessary, if you find yourself struggling with your mental well-being while navigating the digital landscape, don’t hesitate to seek professional help, reach out to therapists or counsellors who can help you stay in check.

In addition, Tech Companies have a significant responsibility to address these concerns and play a vital role in promoting the well-being of their users. They must acknowledge the impact their platforms have on mental health and take proactive measures to address these concerns.

Conclusion

In the digital age, social media’s impact on mental health is undeniable. By understanding the potential dangers, using platforms mindfully, seeking support when needed, and advocating for responsible online behaviour, individuals can navigate the digital landscape with greater resilience. The future of social media and mental health hinges on both individual actions and collective efforts to promote a healthier online environment.

by Yua Miriam

 

Navigating Nigeria’s Political Landscape and the Call for Nationalist Spirit

As a teenager, I had my first stint with politics while watching the United States of America elect its president in 2004, ultimately resulting in George Bush’s victory. In his concession speech, John Kerry proclaimed, ‘There are no losers in an American election….because whether or not our candidates are successful, we all wake up as Americans the next morning.’ Political commentators lauded Kerry for this iconic speech, applauding his resolve to move forward, accept ‘defeat,’ and build America.

This speech ached in my mind and built my perspective that every citizen’s loyalty should be first to his/her country as opposed to people and political parties and, in hindsight, laid the foundation for my unwavering belief in Nigeria. The nationalist spirit it conveyed influenced and strengthened my faith in my dear country.

As an adult, I have seen Nigeria go through ups and downs—nose-diving, standing small, falling face down, getting crushed, and struggling to stand again. However, this does not mean Nigeria has been stagnant or unsuccessful. Remarkably, we now have numerous policies as foundations for growth. Statistics also affirm positive economic growth, undeniably so. We are the 6th largest economy in the world—a noteworthy example in this brief article.

Despite these achievements, the impressive policies and statistics don’t necessarily translate into improved lives for those most in need. The ‘Japa’ movement, the food crisis, and the plight of internally displaced persons all point to this reality.

In 2016, as a young professional in the development field, I had the opportunity to participate in a farewell and meet-and-greet event organized for an American diplomat.  During the event, discussions delved into democracy as a system of government and as practiced in the US. He argued that democracy might not necessarily be the best system of government, the reason the US has the Electoral College. While I agree that democracy has flaws – especially seeing how it has been deployed in Nigeria – as a student of government, I have yet to see a better alternative. This is because democracy has facilitated citizens engagement, policy reforms, and accountability mechanisms like the OGP (Open Government Partnerships) in Nigeria. 

However, disturbing gaps persist in the system. Recent presidential and gubernatorial elections in Nigeria revealed a worrisome trend—voters supporting parties without questioning, and regardless of candidates’ potential or track records. Loyalty seems directed more towards political parties than the country; regional sentiments are not directed to nor do they translate to more developed regions. These are the consistent factors that have contributed most to hindering positive change in the country. Pundits may argue that politics is party-based, but that is not my drift. 

Here is my drift: given Nigeria as the common factor, why can’t we meet halfway? Why are we not on the same wavelength as our leaders? Why are we reluctant to give leaders the benefit of the doubt? Do we lack faith, or is our collective attitude towards failures and successes the root of the problem? Is Nigeria on the right path, or are we a country of paradox? These are critical questions that need reflection.

I won’t delve into the over-flogged format of offering specific recommendations like ‘5 things the government should do’ or ‘six ways’ to solve Nigeria’s issues; instead, I will have us access our nationalist consciousness as Nigerians; our culture, values and loyalty to the entity called Nigeria. 

What would your actions be if you were to work on your consciousness and disposition towards Nigeria deliberately? What form would your speech towards Nigeria take? On what will you focus? Problems or doing your part, no matter how small and irrelevant? These are the questions that deserve to be answered by all Nigerians. 

It is imperative for individuals to wholeheartedly embrace nationalist thoughts, undertake purposeful actions, and foster sentiments of loyalty and pride in their Nigerian identity. Each citizen has a crucial, personal and independent role in contributing to the collective improvement of our nation. This involves many things, but the simplest and most important is reworking your mind to not see Nigeria as dead or hopeless. 

While citizens’ patriotism is influenced predominantly by government performance, security and wealth, it often starts with love for one’s country, hope and disposition. Countries with the highest percentage of citizens’ patriotism are not without problems – a good example is the US. Nevertheless, a certain degree of patriotism among citizens plays a crucial role in shaping societies and fostering a strong nation.

Also, embracing sustainable and environmentally friendly lifestyles is another way individuals can contribute positively to the nation’s well-being. When you take responsibility and are satisfied with your efforts, you are more likely to engage in actions that promote the country’s overall welfare.

In conclusion, it is important to note that we lay the foundation for a stronger and more prosperous Nigeria when we embrace individual responsibility, cultivate a shared sense of obligation and focus on collaborative progress. Through these collective efforts, we can shape a future that resonates with our great nation’s aspirations and untapped potential. 

This is a passionate appeal for optimism, belief, and individual actions which seek to uphold the honour and glory of the country, irrespective of its current ‘evils’. 

by Isese Sor